The Quantum Chip That Might Change Everything: A Conversation with Julian Kelly
In the latest episode of Shane Smith Has Questions, journalist Shane Smith engages in a riveting dialogue with Julian Kelly, Senior Director of Hardware at Google Quantum AI. At the forefront of this conversation is the Willow chip, an innovation that promises to reshape the landscape of computing as we know it.
Julian Kelly reveals that Google’s cutting-edge quantum processors, boasting over 100 qubits, can perform benchmark tasks in mere minutes—tasks that would take conventional supercomputers an unfathomable 10²⁵ years to complete. This jaw-dropping speed is a testament to the potential of quantum technology, leaving viewers to ponder the future that might unfold as these processors become increasingly practical.
However, Kelly underscores a significant challenge still looming on the horizon: the development of error-corrected “logical” qubits. This hurdle is essential for moving beyond theoretical applications into realms of genuine utility. As the conversation unfolds, Kelly provides insights into the practical implications of achieving quantum supremacy and the milestones that lie ahead, including scalable error correction.
The discussion ventures into compelling territory, outlining the transformative real-world applications of quantum computing. From drug discovery to advancements in battery chemistry and fusion research, Kelly indicates that these technologies will not just revolutionize computing; they may also tackle some of humanity’s most pressing issues. As problems that were once deemed intractable become solvable, the implications for various industries are staggering—marking a new era of innovation.
As the dialogue progresses, the duo tackles the topic of encryption, addressing growing concerns surrounding post-quantum cryptography. Kelly dispels myths about impending “QDay” data breach scenarios, instead providing a nuanced perspective on the relationship between quantum advancements and cybersecurity.
One of the most intriguing intersections discussed is the synergy between quantum computing and artificial intelligence. Kelly explains how quantum-generated data can be utilized to train AI models, suggesting that these technologies could, in conjunction, push the boundaries of research and development in ways currently unimaginable.
The global quantum race is another centerpiece of their conversation, illuminating how companies like Google are setting the pace while government labs and private startups vie for a slice of this revolutionary pie. As countries and corporations mobilize resources toward quantum technology, the stakes escalate, influencing both the economic landscape and international relations.
Beyond technicalities, the discussion takes a philosophical turn, with Kelly exploring concepts such as superposition and entanglement. Intriguingly, he delves into the many-worlds interpretation, a topic ripe for contemplation and rich with implications about our understanding of reality itself.
As they look to the future, Kelly offers a five-year horizon for the emergence of commercially viable quantum workloads. His personal journey—from tinkering in university labs to leading groundbreaking projects at Google—serves as an inspirational backdrop, highlighting the human element behind these scientific advancements.
In this episode, viewers are not just treated to a primer on quantum technology; they are invited to engage with a vision of the future—one where the Willow chip and its successors may change everything we thought we knew about computing, society, and the limits of human ingenuity.
Watch the video by VICE News
Video “The Quantum Chip That Might Change Everything ft. Julian Kelly | Shane Smith Has Questions” was uploaded on 07/31/2025 to Youtube Channel VICE News